A high-rate nonaqueous organic redox flow battery

Azobenzene (azoB) is a promising anode active material for nonaqueous redox flow battery (NARFB), but the performance assembled with azoB rather poor. Here, we show that rate of NARFB and 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1-methoxy-4-[2?-methoxyethoxy] benzene (DBMMB) as anolyte catholyte materials can be significantly enhanced by optimizing solvent, supporting electrolyte, membrane. The synergistic interaction among materials, solvent (acetonitrile), electrolyte (tetraethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), membrane (Daramic 175) contributes to high performance. It exhibits an energy efficiency 63.5% even at ultra-high current density 100 mA cm?2. Furthermore, delivers peak power 336 mW cm?2 240 0.25 M which new benchmark NARFBs.